Psychiatrist Expertise, Specialties, and Training

Psychiatrist Expertise, Specialties, and Training Student Resources Careers Print What Is a Psychiatrist? Medical Specialty Straddling Psychology and Neurology By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on December 09, 2019 Rolf Bruderer/Getty Images More in Student Resources Careers APA Style and Writing Study Guides and Tips In This Article Table of Contents Expand Concentrations Procedural Expertise Subspecialties Training and Certification Appointment Tips View All Back To Top A psychiatrist is a medical doctor who specializes in the treatment of mental disorders. Because psychiatrists hold a medical degree and are trained in the practice of psychiatry, they are one of the few professionals in the mental health field able to prescribe medications to treat mental health issues. Much like a general practice physician, a psychiatrist may perform physical exams and order diagnostic tests in addition to practicing psychotherapy. Psychiatrists may work as part of a mental health team, often consulting with primary care physicians, social workers, occupational therapists, and psychiatric nurses. Psychiatrists will also work withâ€"but should not be confused withâ€"psychologists. Psychologists are not medical doctors and cannot prescribe medications except in Louisiana and New Mexico. Moreover, psychiatrists are directed by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) issued by the American Psychiatric Association. While psychologists often refer to the DSM-5, they rely on standardized psychological testsâ€"such as the Minnesota Multiphasic  Personality  Inventory and Rorschach Inkblot Testâ€"to direct care. 5 Ways That Psychiatrists and Psychologists Differ Concentrations According to the Occupational Outlook Handbook issued by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, psychiatrists  are primary mental health physicians. Among their core responsibilities are the diagnosis and treatment of mental illnesses. Psychiatrists will use a variety of techniques to determine whether a persons symptoms are psychiatric, the result of a physical illness, or a combination of both. This requires the psychiatrist to have a strong knowledge of general medicine, psychology, neurology, biology, biochemistry, and pharmacology. Perhaps more so than any other medical doctor, psychiatrists are skilled in doctor-patient relationships and trained to use psychotherapy and other therapeutic communication techniques to qualitatively diagnosis and monitor mental conditions. Treatment may be delivered on an outpatient basis or on an inpatient basis in a psychiatric hospital. The types of mental disorders are far-ranging and can be broadly characterized as follows: Anxiety disorders, including generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorder (PD), phobias, and social anxiety disorder (SAD)Eating disorders, including anorexia nervosa (AN), binge eating, and bulimia nervosa (BN)Mood disorders, including bipolar disorder (BD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and substance-induced mood disorder (SIMD)Personality disorders, including borderline personality disorder (BPD), narcissistic personality disorder (NPD), obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD). and paranoid personality disorder (PPD)Psychotic disorders, including bipolar psychosis, schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and substance-induced psychotic disorder (SIPD)Specific learning disorders, including attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and dyslexia Procedural Expertise Psychiatry is situated in a middle ground between psychology (the study of behavior and the mind) and neurology (the study of the brain and nervous system). In practice, a psychiatrist will consider symptoms of mental illness in two ways: Assessing the impact of a disease, physical trauma, or substance use on a persons behavior and mental stateEvaluating symptoms in association with a persons life history and/or external events or conditions (such as emotional trauma or abuse) The approach, known as the biopsychosocial model, requires the psychiatrist to use multiple tools to render a diagnosis and dispense the appropriate treatment. Mental Status Examination Mental status examinations (MSE)  are an important part of the clinical  assessment of a psychiatric condition. It is a structured way of observing and evaluating a persons psychological function from the perspective of attitude, behavior, cognition, judgment, mood, perception, and thought processes. Depending on the presumed illness, the psychiatrist would use a variety of psychological tests to establish the presence of characteristic symptoms and rate their severity. Based on the results, the psychiatrist would refer to the DSM-5 to see if the symptoms meet the diagnostic criteria for the mental disorder. Examples include: Anxiety tests such as the Beck Anxiety Inventory and Liebowitz Social Anxiety ScaleDepression tests such as the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression and the Beck Hopelessness ScaleEating disorder tests such as the Minnesota Eating Behavior Survey and the Yale Food Addiction ScaleMood disorder tests such as the My Mood Monitor Screen and the Altman Self-Rating Mania ScalePersonality disorder tests such as the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale and the Shedler-Westen Assessment Procedure (SWAP-200)Psychosis tests such as the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms and the Scale for the Assesment of Positive Symptoms How Depression Tests Work Biomedical Diagnosis As with many medical conditions, the diagnosis of mental illness will often involve a process of elimination to explore and exclude all possible causes. Known as a differential diagnosis, the process would involve a combination of MSE and biomedical tests to differentiate the presumed cause from others with similar symptoms. The biomedical tools used by a psychiatrist may include: A physical examinationBrain imaging  studies such as  computed tomography  (CT),  magnetic resonance imaging  (MRI), and positron emission tomography  (PET) to check for tumors, hemorrhage, or lesionsElectroencephalogram (EEG) to identify irregularities in brain electrical activity, including epilepsy, a head injury, or a cerebral blood obstructionBlood tests to evaluate blood chemistry, electrolytes, liver function, and kidney function that may directly or indirectly impact the brainDrug screening to detect illicit or pharmaceutical drugs in a blood or urine sampleSTD screening to detect syphilis, HIV, and other sexually transmitted infections that can affect the brain Psychotherapy Psychotherapy is integral to both the diagnosis and treatment of mental illness. It involves meeting with patients on a regular basis to talk about their problems, behaviors, feelings, thoughts, and relationships. The goal of the psychiatrist is to help people find solutions to their problems by exploring thought patterns, behaviors, past experiences, and other internal and external influences. People undergoing psychotherapy might meet with their psychiatrist individually or as part of a family or group session. Depending on the diagnosis and.or severity of symptoms, psychotherapy may be used for a specific period of time or an ongoing basis. At least 50 percent of people with a major depressive episode is likely to have another and would benefit from regular psychotherapy, according to a 2007 study in Clinical Psychology Review. Psychiatric Medications Medications are commonly used in psychiatry, each of which has differing properties and psychoactive effects. A psychiatrist needs to be well versed in both the mechanism of action (how a drug works) and pharmacokinetics (the way a drug moves through the body) of any prescribed medication. Combination drug therapy is often used in psychiatry and may require ongoing adjustments to achieve the intended effect. Finding the right combination may take time and is often a process of trial-and-error. The medications used in psychiatry are broadly classified by six different classes: Antidepressants used to treat depression,  anxiety disorders,  eating disorders,  and  borderline personality disorderAntipsychotics used to treat schizophrenia  and  psychotic  episodesAnxiolytics used to treat anxiety disordersDepressants, such as hypnotics,  sedatives, and  anesthetics. used to treat episodic anxiety, insomnia, and panicMood stabilizers used to treat  bipolar disorder  and  schizoaffective disorder.Stimulants used to treat  ADHD  and  narcolepsy How to Take Psychotropic Drugs Safely Other Treatments Other interventions may be used when a mental disorder is treatment-resistant or intractable (difficult to control). These include: Deep brain stimulation (DBS), involving the implantation of electrical probes to stimulate parts of the brain in people with severe depression, dementia, OCD, or substance abuse  Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), involving the external delivery of electrical currents to the brain to treat severe bipolar disorder, depression, or catatoniaPsychosurgery, using surgical techniques like cingulotomy, subcaudate tractotomy, and limbic leucotomy to sever specific circuits in the brain associated with severe schizophrenia, OCD, and anxiety Despite evidence of their benefits, all of these interventions are considered highly controversial with variable results and degrees of success. Subspecialties There are a number of subspecialties in psychiatry that allow practitioners to focus on specific conditions or groups. These include: Addiction psychiatryAdolescent and child psychiatryForensic psychiatry (the application of psychiatry in a criminal, courtroom, or correctional settings)Geriatric psychiatry (psychiatry among the elderly)Neuropsychiatry (mental disorders associated with nervous system injuries or disease)Occupational psychiatry (psychiatry in the workplace, particularly occupations in which risk, danger, or grief is common)Psychosomatic medicine (physical diseases with a mental component) Training and Certification To become a psychiatrist, you would first need to obtain a bachelors degree and complete the prerequisite courses in biology, chemistry, advanced math, physics, and social science. You would also need to pass the Medical Competency Aptitude Test (MCAT) and maintain a strong grade point average (usually 3.3 and higher). Next, you would enroll in medical school to obtain either a Doctor of Medicine (MD) or Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO) degree. Medical school typically consists of two years of classroom studies followed by two years of clinical rotations in different medical facilities. Upon completion of medical school, you would start a four-year residency in psychiatry. The first year would involve general residency training followed by three years of focused work in psychiatry (including psychopharmacology, substance abuse, and cognitive behavioral therapy). After the completion of residency, you would need to secure a medical license in the state in which you intend to practice. This would involve a national test and, in some states, a state exam. Doctors with an MD degree would take the two-part U.S. Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE), while those with a DO degree could opt to complete the Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Licensing Examination (COMLEX) instead. Once you have passed the exam, you are eligible to apply for board certification. The certification is granted by the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology (ABPN), a member of the American Board of Medical Specialties (ABMS). ABPN certification must be renewed every 10 years. Medical licenses must also be renewed as per the laws of the state. Appointment Tips Meeting with a psychiatric for the first time can be extremely stressful. It generally helps to know what to expect and which questions to ask to get the most out of an appointment. Expect to spend an hour or two on your first visit. Many psychiatrists will start the exam by taking your vitals (temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure) to establish a baseline. There may also be a possibility of a blood draw. If your symptoms warrant it, your doctor may send you for further testing or scans. When starting out, the psychiatrist will ask a lot of questions to better understand the nature of your symptoms as well as your family history, medical history, prior treatments, and substance use. It also helps to bring along a complete list of medications you take, both prescription and non-prescription. Try to be as honest and open as you can during the evaluation, staying on topic so that the process can be structured and focused. Since this will be your first meeting, take the opportunity to learn who your psychiatrist is. Feel free to ask about the psychiatrists credentials and how the practice works. Examples include: What experience do you have dealing with my condition?Do you specialize in my condition or treat others?What are your training and background?Can I contact you in a crisis?Who will cover for you on holidays or when youre away? You should also participate as a full partner in your care, asking relevant questions like: What is this test used for?How did you reach your diagnosis?What is the treatment plan?Do I need medication, or can I manage without?How did you decide this was the best treatment for me?What side effects might I expect?Are there ways to manage the side effects?When should I start feeling better?How will I know if Im getting better?What should I do if the side effects are intolerable? Be sure to write down your questions in advance so that you dont forget anything. You should also take notes to ensure you have an accurate record of your discussion. If at any stage you feel uncertain about a course of treatment, do not hesitate to seek a second opinion. This is especially true if a drug or treatment has risks or significant side effects. If you need to find a psychiatrist, ask your primary care doctor for referrals (ideally ones who specialize in your condition). You can check their certification online by using the ABPN verification system. Tips for Meeting With a New Psychiatrist A Word From Verywell Psychiatry can be a rewarding career, but it requires individuals with focus and an innate sense of empathy and patience. Although psychiatrists approach diagnosis and treatment in a very structured way, they must have flexibility in knowing when its time to change or stop treatment. While psychiatrists tend to work normal office hours, there may be crises in the middle of the night or weekends that demand immediate attention. Whatever the challenges, a psychiatrist needs to remain staunchly objective in order to avoid burnout and compassion fatigue. Day-to-day duties can vary depending on the specialty area and employment sector. A psychiatrist in a hospital may deal with an ever-changing roster of acute mental disorders, while those in private or group practices may have a specific scope of practice and a more routine schedule. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the demand for psychiatrists is expected to grow by 11 percent in the next decade, a rate higher than average. As many work in private practice as those in hospitals, substance abuse centers, and outpatient clinics. In 2018, the median annual income for a psychiatrist in the United States was $220,380, according to the BLS. Psychiatrists in outpatient care centers tend to make slightly more than those in hospitals or private practice.

My Experience At This Internship - 1561 Words

At this internship, I was able to learn many lessons. Those lessons can be applied to any field, but also give me a competitive edge when applying for jobs in the Venture Capital industry. Many of the lessons I have learned were through hearing the stories of other people who have succeeded in the industry, and give me knowledge of what to expect the next few years of my life. Knowing that others are having the same issues as me, and indecision about which field they want to pursue is comforting. Hearing from people including successful entrepreneurs and hedge fund managers show even they have the same conflicts in their lives at my age. Even though many of the lessons can be applied to any field, I learned by far the most about Venture†¦show more content†¦Even if a company has a perfectly written business plan, and functional technology no one else has, if the work ethic and social skills of the founders are not on par, it is unlikely that the company will be able to succe ed. Brian Lee from BAM Ventures, who has backed companies such as the Honest Company, ShoeDazzle, and LegalZoom told me that he thinks some people are cut out for the work, and those who are not will not be able to succeed in the industry. He and his partner would rather back an average idea with an excellent team of founders over an excellent idea with an average team of founders. These aspects of an investment became obvious quite quickly in the internship. To further achieve my goal of better understanding how to decide what is a good investment, hearing from other investors, I learned that the success is highly reliant on the founding team. Taking that advice, I was able to sit through multiple pitches and see dozens of decks. Through that, I saw what an exceptional, average, and mediocre pitch looked like. A few founders stood out, all in the same few aspects. They had past experience in the field, and were knowledgeable about all facets of it. They also understood the risk and reward of founding a company. Being able to see how they felt made me better understand how to realize if the founder is cut out to make this company succeed. Yet, even with the perfect formula, the

Baseball Is America s Sport - 1505 Words

Baseball has been around for centuries and is a sport that has been one of america’s most popular sport for a very long time. Filled with excitement,happiness and fans that absolutely love the game baseball can Arguably be america’s sport. Created in 1846 and having many changes that have bettered and the game more exciting. Some will say that it is boring and lost its cool but baseball is far from losing its cool. The beauty of baseball is that it has no clock just straight nine straight innings of baseball. People will say it has no action, , but in baseball, there are home runs, amazing catches, diving stops, amazing feats and much more. The atmosphere is incredible, the fans are great and there is no better place to eat a hotdog and†¦show more content†¦As the pitcher was getting set to throw the next pitch , the batter pointed to right side of the outfield calling his shot. Setting backup he set his feet the pitch was on the way the batter swung and hit a homerun to the right side of the field where he had called his shot. This man went by many but mostly known as the Babe â€Å"The Great Bambino† Ruth. The history of baseball is what makes the game of baseball so great looking at it from where it has been to where it is now a big change in the sport. Baseball can and is arguably be America s sport for so many reasons. Some people look at this sport as â€Å"it s the highest paid sport I want to play it† as for others their love and passion for the game is more than anything. If anything Baseball s getting cooler new rules new styles of playing the game new uniforms everything is just making the sport better. Some kids don t look at the game at because of the sports they look at the people who play it and look at the style the swagger they bring to it. 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Non Parametric Test Free Essays

Non Parametric Test is a kind of statistical test that was discovered by Wolfowitz. This test covers a variety of categories and these are the independent samples, dependent samples and the variables relationship with co- variables. To contrast and differentiate measurements is a hard thing to do, one can choose parametric and nonparametric. We will write a custom essay sample on Non Parametric Test or any similar topic only for you Order Now Non parametric test are those tests that has no postulates about arrangement of population. There a number of nonparametric tests and these includes the Mann- Whitney Test, Wilcoxon and the Kruskal- Wallis test. Mann- Whitney Test is comparing two independent random samples. It has its postulates or assumptions and these are the taking of spontaneous segment of populations, autonomy within data’s gathered and its common independence, its scale is ordinal. The Wilcoxon test or the Wilcoxon signed- rank test is the test that which serves as a replacement of Student’s T test. This was discovered by Frank Wilcoxon. This is comparing a dissimilar measurement that is why it is needed to measure data’s at a gap of measurement. Kruskal- Wallis test, a one way analysis of variance and is used for small samples, it compares unpaired groups. Prism is being used in performing this test. These non parametric tests are usually used in ranking order such as movie reviews. But due to lesser postulates, these non parametric tests are full of vigor or vital. Non parametric tests are easy to use and is much simple than the parametric test. This test can be use on determining the population of those depressed people, emotionally disturbed and mentally ill and it can also be used to know the level or the rank of the most significant reasons why people get emotionally unstable and eventually get depressed. How to cite Non Parametric Test, Essay examples

Rhythm of Work and Play free essay sample

The rhythm of work and play Its been an hour since I made a start on my home work. So far I have tidied my desk, organized my notes into alphabetical order, made myself a cup of tea and set out my highlighters. My desk is spotless, I am settled and ready to go but I havent done anything. Still, I feel a false sense of accomplishment and pride at my solid hour of work even though Im no closer to getting a decent result In my Leaving cert.. Recognize yourself? Our generation suffers from an acute form of procrastination much Like Shakespearean Hamlet.Look where It got him! While I am not suggesting oh will end up wounded fatally after a fixed fencing match, you may find yourself snowed under with work. The secret Is finding the balance. If something needs doing, do It. There Is nothing worse than putting It all on the long finger. We will write a custom essay sample on Rhythm of Work and Play or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page You only make It twice as hard, leaving It hanging over you with the result that you dont get ample opportunity to enjoy your playtime. When It comes to eating, studying, work and pleasure there is one rule I live by. I defer pleasure.Its the only way I can face into something challenging, knowing there is a proverbial light at the end of the unwell. By the end, not only do you have the sense of achievement eating the broccoli, but now you can enjoy the rest of your meal guilt free. Do whats best for you. There are some of us who can keep going for hours on end while others need a break every half an hour. If you need a break, take it. There is no point in trying to fit yourself into category A when you belong in the latter. Pace yourself and when youre finished dont forget to treat yourself, go for a run or watch some TV.Dont bite off more than you can chew. Youre not going to study for six hours every day and cook he dinner and walk the dog. Its not going to happen. One of two things will happen. You will either burn yourself out or become overwhelmed and frustrated. Again, you need to find out what you have time for work and plan. You might need to make some sacrifices but that doesnt mean you need to give up everything you love doing. Organize your time and youll be surprised how much you can do and still have free time to do what you like. Turn work into play rather than play into work.Do whatever you can to making working/studying more enjoyable. Whether that means enlisting a reined as a study buddy or like the Americans, develop some kind a reward system. When it comes to your free time do something that relaxes you and that you enjoy doing. Theres no point going for a relaxing Jog If youre worn out or despise the thought of it. .. . The Rhythm of Work and Play By Juliennes highlighters. My desk is spotless, I am settled and ready to go but I havent done work even though Im no closer to getting a decent result in my Leaving cert.. Much like Shakespearean Hamlet. Look where it got him!While I am not suggesting snowed under with work. The secret is finding the balance. If something needs doing, do it. There is nothing worse than putting it all on the long finger. You only make it twice as hard, leaving it hanging over you with the result that you dont get ample opportunity to enjoy your playtime. When it comes to eating, studying, work finished dont forget to treat yourself, go for a run or watch some TV. Dont bite off sacrifices but that doesnt mean you need to give up everything you love doing.

Acc 546 Essay

Acc 546 Essay Acc 546 Essay To the Board of Directors of Apollo Shoes, Inc.: We highly appreciate your interest in Anderson, Oaks, and Watershed (AOW) to audit your company. We take pride in the fact that we were able to develop our image as a trust worthy consulting and professional advisory practice. The management team of Apollo Shoes’ is accountable for the financial reports, for sustaining current internal controls, and appraisal of internal control regarding financial reporting. It is our duty to communicate an unbiased view on these financial reports, assessment by management, and the usefulness of the organization’s internal control sustaining the financial report. The audit objectives, terms, limitations, and nature of services provided will be confirmed prior to engagement. Upon completion of our audits, we will provide you with an independent opinion regarding the fairness in which Apollo Shoes, Inc. presents information in all material respects, the financial position, results of operations, and cash flows in conformity with accounti ng principles generally accepted. The audit will be conducted in accordance to generally accepted auditing standards. These standards do not require absolute assurance that the report is completely free of material misstatements caused by error or fraud; this instead is based on a level of reasonableness. My team has organized our inspections in conjunction with the principles of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB). We strategically planed and enforced the audit to acquire practical assurance. Regardless, the actual internal control consisting of fiscal reporting was sustained in all respects of materiality or whether financial reports are without material misstatement those standards that the PCAOB have put into place are required in order to plan and prepare for a proper audit. Our review of the financial reports will consist of proof promoting the totality of assets and disclosures in the financial reports, investigating all details in their entirety, evaluating the generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), and estimating the general arrangement of financial reports. During the audit we obtained a comprehension of internal control over Apollo Shoes’ monetary reporting, and we appraised management’s valuation. Our audit does include obtaining an understanding of the internal controls to determine the procedure, timing and extent of audit testing. However, we are not responsible for providing assurance on internal control or to identify deficiencies. Any

3 Rules of Architecture and How to Win the Big Prize

3 Rules of Architecture and How to Win the Big Prize On the back of the Pritzker medallion are three words: Firmness, Commodity, and Delight. These rules of architecture define the prestigious Pritzker Architecture Prize, considered the highest honor that a living architect can attain. According to the Hyatt Foundation which administers the Prize, these three rules recall the principles set down by the ancient Roman architect Marcus Vitruvius Pollio: firmitas, utilitas, venustas. Vitruvius described the need for architecture to be well-built, useful by serving a purpose, and beautiful to look at. These are the same three principles that Pritzker juries apply to todays architects. Did You Know? The Pritzker, or Pritzker Architecture Prize, is an international award given each year to a living architect who, in the opinion of a select jury, has made profound achievements in the world of architecture. Laureates of the Pritzker Architecture Prize receive $100,000, a certificate, and a bronze medallion. The Pritzker Prize was established in 1979 by Jay A. Pritzker (1922-1999) and his wife Cindy Pritzker. The Pritzkers made a fortune by founding the Hyatt hotel chain. The Prize is funded through the familys Hyatt Foundation. Vitruvius famous multi-volume De Architectura, written around 10 B.C. explores the role of geometry in architecture and outlines the need to build all kinds of structures for all classes of people. Vitruvius rules are sometimes translated this way:   All these must be built with due reference to durability, convenience, and beauty. Durability will be assured when foundations are carried down to the solid ground and materials wisely and liberally selected; convenience, when the arrangement of the apartments is faultless and presents no hindrance to use, and when each class of building is assigned to its suitable and appropriate exposure; and beauty, when the appearance of the work is pleasing and in good taste, and when its members are in due proportion according to correct principles of symmetry. - De Architectura, Book I, Chapter III, Paragraph 2 Firmness, Commodity, and Delight Who would have guessed that in 2014 the most prestigious award in architecture would go to an architect who was not a celebrity- Shigeru Ban. The same thing happened in 2016 when Chilean architect Alejandro Aravena received the architecture prize. Could the Pritzker jury be telling us something about the three rules of architecture? Like the 2013 Pritzker Laureate, Toyo Ito, Ban has been an architect of healing, designing sustainable housing for Japans earthquake and tsunami victims. Ban also has circled the globe providing relief after natural disasters in Rwanda, Turkey, India, China, Italy, Haiti, and New Zealand. Aravena does the same in South America. The 2014 Pritzker Jury said of Ban that His sense of responsibility and positive action to create architecture of quality to serve societys needs, combined with his original approach to these humanitarian challenges, make this years winner an exemplary professional. Before Ban, Aravena, and Ito came the first Chinese recipient, Wang Shu, in 2012. At a time when Chinas cities were choking in over-urbanization, Shu continued to defy his countrys quick-build attitude of over-industrialization. Instead, Shu insisted that his countrys future could become modernized while tethered to its traditions. Using recycled materials, said the 2012 Pritzker Citation, he is able to send several messages on the careful use of resources and respect for tradition and context as well as give a frank appraisal of technology and the quality of construction today, particularly in China. By awarding architectures highest honor to these three men, what is the Pritzker jury trying to tell the world? How to Win a Pritzker Prize In choosing Ban, Ito, Aravena, and Shu, the Pritzker juries are reasserting old values for a new generation. The Tokyo-born Ban was only 56 years old when he won. Wang Shu and Alejandro Aravena were only 48. Certainly not household names, these architects have undertaken a variety of projects both commercial and noncommercial. Shu has been a scholar and teacher of historic preservation and renovation. Bans humanitarian projects include his ingenious use of common, recyclable materials, like cardboard paper tubes for columns, to quickly construct dignified shelters for victims of disasters. After the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, Ban helped bring order to a devastated community by building the Hualin Elementary School from cardboard tubes. On a larger scale, Bans 2012 design for a cardboard cathedral gave a New Zealand community a beautiful temporary structure expected to last 50 years while the community rebuilds its cathedral, decimated by the 2011 Christchurch earthquake. Ban sees the beauty of carboard concrete tube forms; he also started the trend for reusing shipping containers as residential properties. Being named a Pritzker Architecture Prize Laureate establishes these men in history as some of the most influential architects of modern times. Like many middle-aged architects, their careers are just beginning. Architecture is not a get rich quick pursuit, and for many the riches never materialize. The Pritzker Architecture Prize seems to be recognizing the architect who isnt seeking celebrity, but who follows ancient tradition - the architects duty, as defined by Vitruvius - to create architecture of quality to serve societys needs. Thats how to win a Pritzker Prize in the 21st century. Sources Commodity and Delight by Andrew Ryan Gleeson, The Lying Truth (blog), July 8, 2010, https://thelyingtruthofarchitecture.wordpress.com/2010/07/08/commodity-and-delight/Jury Citation, Shigeru Ban, 2014, The Hyatt Foundation, pritzkerprize.com/2014/jury-citation [accessed August 2, 2014]Jury Citation, Wang Shu, 2012, The Hyatt Foundation, pritzkerprize.com/2012/jury-citation[accessed August 2, 2014]Ceremony and Medal, The Hyatt Foundation at pritzkerprize.com/about/ceremony [accessed August 2, 2014]The Ten Books on Architecture by Marcus Vitruvius Pollio, translated by Morris Hicky Morgan, Harvard University Press, 1914, gutenberg.org/files/20239/20239-h/29239-h.htm [accessed August 2, 2014]FAQ, Hyatt Foundation,  https://www.pritzkerprize.com/FAQ  [accessed February 15, 2018]Pritzker medalion image courtesy of the Hyatt Foundation